Art in Action Art in Action

Programs Levels

Program 3: Perspective in Art

Learning the tricks of perspective can help students see the world in new ways. In Program 3, students learn how artists use aerial and vanishing point perspectives to create three-dimensional illusions. Students investigate methods used by Maurice Utrillo and Paul Cezanne—such as varying size and overlapping forms—to create the illusion of distance, explore Johannes Vermeer’s manipulation of color, and learn how a viewer's perspective is affected by composition and technique. In other Program 3 projects, students make a Chinese scroll, compose a Georges Braque-style cubist still life, and draw horses inspired by Edgar Degas’s Race Horses.

Lesson 1: Johannes Vermeer, Milk Maid, c. 1658

Lesson 1

Color Wheel
Third Grade Artist

Students analyze Vermeer’s Milk Maid and how he uses tints and shades to show form. They identify the use of line, color, texture, shape, space, and value; describe the variety of textures of the various containers in the painting and learn about containers from different parts of the world; draw two-dimensional shapes and shade them with charcoal to create three-dimensional forms; and paint a color wheel, mixing primary colors to make secondary colors and mixing a tint and a shade from one hue.

Lesson 2: Yoruba People (Nigeria, Africa), Adire Cloth, 1850-1900

adire

Woven Print Design
Third Grade Artist

Students analyze the patterns and designs of Kente and Adire cloth and compare the materials and techniques used by the women of Africa to make them. They identify the use of lines, shapes, pattern, color, and texture in the cloth; describe the rhythm and movement of the patterns; practice sketching geometric and organic shapes to use as stencils for printing; learn how to weave and print repeated patterns and designs; weave a patterned background; and print geometric and organic designs in repeated patterns.

Lesson 3: Vincent van Gogh, Starry Night, 1889

Lesson 3

Tempera with Brush Landscape
Third Grade Artist

Students analyze Van Gogh’s Starry Night and note his use of repetition and horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lines to show rhythm and movement. They identify the use of line, color, texture, and space in Starry Night; discover clues to predict what will happen in the picture; describe how foreground, middle ground, and background create the illusion of distance; draw a landscape in their sketchbook; and paint a landscape in the style of Van Gogh using expressive lines, impasto paint, and contrasting colors to create a feeling of rhythm and movement and the illusion of space.

Lesson 4: Albert Bierstadt, Buffalo Trail, 1869

Lesson 4

Watercolor Landscape
Third Grade Artist

Students analyze Buffalo Trail and look for clues to predict what will happen in this scene. They identify the use of line, color, value, and space in Bierstadt’s painting; observe and describe how foreground, middle ground, and background are used to create the illusion of space; perceive and describe rhythm and movement in this painting and the environment; practice sketching a tree; and paint a watercolor landscape with trees, using a graded wash to create the illusion of distance.

Lesson 5: Joan Miro, Carnival of Harlequin, 1925

miro_carnival

Surrealistic Creature Collage
Third Grade Artist

Students analyze Miro’s Carnival of Harlequin and note the balance of lines, shapes, and colors in an abstract composition. They identify the elements of line, color, shape, and space used in this composition; describe the rhythm and movement in the scene; distinguish between realistic, abstract, and non-representational images; practice sketching imaginary creatures in geometric and organic shapes; and cut and draw Surrealistic figures and objects to assemble an imaginary room full of characters.

Lesson 6: Domenico Ghirlandaio, Francesco Sassetti and his Son, Teodoro, c. 1487

Lesson 6

Chalk Pastel Portrait
Third Grade Artist

Students analyze Ghirlandaio’s portrait of Francesco Sassetti and his Son, Teodoro to discover the characteristics of a Renaissance portrait. They identify the use of line, color, space, and value in the painting; note the background landscape and use of a window-like frame; describe Ghirlandaio’s use of tints and shades to show form; practice sketching a face; and draw a portrait with chalk pastel, blending colors and using tints and shades to show form.

Lesson 7: Wang Yuan-Ch’i, Pavilion with Distant Mountain, 17th Century

Lesson 7

Watercolor Scroll
Third Grade Artist

Students analyze Yuan-Ch’i’s Pavilion with Distant Mountains and compare Chinese brush painting with western landscape traditions. They identify the use of line, space, value, rhythm, movement, and negative space in the painting; discover how Chinese landscape artists create the illusion of distance and a serene mood; describe brush stroke patterns and tones of ink; practice sketching landscape features using Chinese calligraphic brush strokes; and paint a scroll in the style of Chinese artists using line, values of black, and negative space to create a calm mood.

 Lesson 8: Maurice Utrillo, Street in the Suburbs, early 20th Century

Lesson 8

Oil Pastel Perspective Landscape
Third Grade Artist

Students analyze Utrillo’s Street in the Suburbs and learn the principles of linear perspective, the rhythm and movement of converging lines, and the mood created by color. They identify the elements of line, color, and space in Utrillo’s realistic landscape; describe the way converging lines connect the foreground, middle ground, and background at the vanishing point; practice sketching landscapes using vanishing points and linear perspective; and draw a landscape using oil pastels and blending colors to show mood and distance.

Lesson 9: Southern Cheyenne Nation, Shield, 1860-68

Lesson 9

Clay Shield
Third Grade Artist

Students analyze the symbolic and artistic design of a Cheyenne shield. They identify the elements of line, color, texture, and pattern used to decorate the shield; describe the 2-D and 3-D qualities of the shield; practice sketching stylized figures and designs in the Native American style; and sculpt and decorate a clay shield with etched figures and nature symbols.

Lesson 10: Thomas Cole, The Last of the Mohicans, 1827

Lesson 10

Tissue Collage Landscape
Third Grade Artist

Students analyze The Last of the Mohicans and learn how atmospheric perspective shows the illusion of space. They identify the use of line, color, value, space, and scale in this composition; predict what will happen next using contextual clues; practice sketching a landscape that shows the illusion of distance by adding a landscape feature in two sizes; and create a landscape collage with layered tissue to show aerial perspective using analogous colors to show the foreground, middle ground, and background.

Lesson 11: Edgar Degas, Race Horses, 1862

Lesson 11

Watercolor and Oil Pastel Horses
Third Grade Artist

Students analyze Degas’s style and the use of foreground, middle ground, and background to show space. They identify the use of line, color, shape, and space in Race Horses; learn about Degas and the way his Impressionist style shows movement; predict what will happen next based on clues in the painting; describe the techniques used to show rhythm and movement; practice sketching horses using geometric shapes; and paint with watercolors making a graded wash as background and adding oil pastel details.

Lesson 12: Georges Braque, Le Jour, 1929

Lesson 12

Still Life Collage
Third Grade Artist

Students analyze Braque’s Le Jour and learn about how Braque used Cubism and showed objects from multiple viewpoints. They identify the elements of line, color, shape, texture, and space in this composition; describe objects from daily life and compare multiple viewpoints; discuss how repetition of color, shape, and texture helps unify a composition; practice sketching still life objects from daily life emphasizing value changes; and create an abstract still life composition showing at least one object from two different viewpoints.